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Evaluation of computer vision techniques for automated hardhat detection in indoor construction safety

Bahaa Eddine MNEYMNEH, Mohamad ABBAS, Hiam KHOURY

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 227-239 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018071

摘要： Construction is considered among the most dangerous industries and is responsible for a large portion of total worker fatalities. A construction worker has a probability of 1-in-200 of dying on the job during a 45-year career, mainly due to fires, falls, and being struck by or caught between objects. Hence, employers must ensure their workers wear personal protective equipment (PPE), in particular hardhats, if they are at risk of falling, being struck by falling objects, hitting their heads on static objects, or coming in proximity to electrical hazards. However, monitoring the presence and proper use of hardhats becomes inefficient when safety officers must survey large areas and a considerable number of workers. Using images captured from indoor jobsites, this paper evaluates existing computer vision techniques, namely object detection and color-based segmentation tools, used to rapidly detect if workers are wearing hardhats. Experiments are conducted and the results highlight the potential of cascade classifiers, in particular, to accurately, precisely, and rapidly detect hardhats under different scenarios and for repetitive runs, and the potential of color-based segmentation to eliminate false detections.

关键词： construction safety personal protective equipment hardhat computer vision

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Fully automatic container terminals of Shanghai Yangshan Port phase IV

Jack Xunjie LUO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 457-462 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0053-0

摘要：

Engineering Owner: Construction Headquarters of Yangshan Deep-water Port Phase IV Project of Shanghai International Shipping Center

关键词： Yangshan Port automated equipment intelligent system container terminals port engineering

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Automated synthesis of steady-state continuous processes using reinforcement learning

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 288-302 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2055-9

摘要： Automated flowsheet synthesis is an important field in computer-aided process engineering. The present work demonstrates how reinforcement learning can be used for automated flowsheet synthesis without any heuristics or prior knowledge of conceptual design. The environment consists of a steady-state flowsheet simulator that contains all physical knowledge. An agent is trained to take discrete actions and sequentially build up flowsheets that solve a given process problem. A novel method named SynGameZero is developed to ensure good exploration schemes in the complex problem. Therein, flowsheet synthesis is modelled as a game of two competing players. The agent plays this game against itself during training and consists of an artificial neural network and a tree search for forward planning. The method is applied successfully to a reaction-distillation process in a quaternary system.

关键词： automated process synthesis flowsheet synthesis artificial intelligence machine learning reinforcement learning

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hardening performance of three-dimensionally-printed geopolymer based on lunar regolith simulant for automated

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0003-0

摘要： Using an in situ lunar regolith as a construction material in combination with 3D printing not only reduces the weight of materials carried from the Earth but also improves the automation of lunar infrastructure construction. This study aims to improve the printability of a geopolymer based on a BH-1 lunar regolith simulant, including the extrudability, open time, and buildability, by controlling the temperature and adding admixtures. Rheological parameters were used to represent printability with different water-to-binder ratios, printing temperatures, and contents of additives. The mechanical properties of the hardening geopolymer with different filling paths and loading directions were tested. The results show that heating the printed filaments with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.32 at 80 °C can adjust the printability without adding any additive, which can reduce the construction cost of lunar infrastructure. The printability of the BH-1 geopolymer can also be improved by adding 0.3% Attagel-50 and 0.5% polypropylene fiber by mass at a temperature of 20 °C to cope with the changeable environmental conditions on the Moon. After curing under a simulated lunar environment, the 72-h flexural and compressive strengths of the geopolymer specimens reach 4.1 and 48.1 MPa, respectively, which are promising considering that the acceleration of gravity on the Moon is 1/6 of that on the Earth.

关键词： geopolymer lunar regolith simulant 3D printing rheology printability

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Automated classification of civil structure defects based on convolutional neural network

Pierclaudio SAVINO, Francesco TONDOLO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 305-317 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0725-9

摘要： Today, the most commonly used civil infrastructure inspection method is based on a visual assessment conducted by certified inspectors following prescribed protocols. However, the increase in aggressive environmental and load conditions, coupled with the achievement of many structures of the life-cycle end, has highlighted the need to automate damage identification and satisfy the number of structures that need to be inspected. To overcome this challenge, this paper presents a method for automating concrete damage classification using a deep convolutional neural network. The convolutional neural network was designed after an experimental investigation of a wide number of pretrained networks, applying the transfer-learning technique. Training and validation were conducted using a database built with 1352 images balanced between “undamaged”, “cracked”, and “delaminated” concrete surfaces. To increase the network robustness compared to images in real-world situations, different image configurations have been collected from the Internet and on-field bridge inspections. The GoogLeNet model, with the highest validation accuracy of approximately 94%, was selected as the most suitable network for concrete damage classification. The results confirm that the proposed model can correctly classify images from real concrete surfaces of bridges, tunnels, and pavement, resulting in an effective alternative to the current visual inspection techniques.

关键词： concrete structure infrastructures visual inspection convolutional neural network artificial intelligence

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Evaluation of automated in-line precision dairy farming technology implementation in three dairy farms

Maria CARIA, Giuseppe TODDE, Antonio PAZZONA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 181-187 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019252

摘要：

In recent decades, dairy farms have been exposed to wide variation in profit levels due to a considerable variability of milk price, and energy and feed costs. Consequently, it is necessary for the dairy industry to improve efficiency and productivity by adopting innovative technologies. The automated in-parlour milk analysis and separation is mainly useful to produce low or high quality milk and to monitor the animal health status. Milk with high levels of protein and fat contents may reduce the intensity of standardization during cheesemaking process, reducing production costs. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of real-time milk separation during milking and the performance of the milking machine after implementation of AfiMilk MCS. In addition, the economic aspects were assessed. The separation of milk required the existing milking parlors to be equipped with an additional milkline to allow channeling milk with low and high coagulation properties into two different cooling tanks. The results showed that the high coagulation milk fraction, compared to the bulk milk, increased in fat (from 18% to 43%) and protein (from 3% to 7%) concentration. The technology tested has given promising results showing reliability and efficiency in milk separation in real time with affordable implementation costs.

关键词： cheese yield infrared analysis milk quality real-time measurement sensor

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Determination of selected semi-volatile organic compounds in water using automated online solid-phase

Yongtao LI, Christina L. MCCARTY, Ed J. GEORGE

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 417-425 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0310-x

摘要： A rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective analytical method was developed for the analysis of selected semi-volatile organic compounds in water. The method used an automated online solid-phase extraction technique coupled with programmed-temperature vaporization large-volume injection gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The water samples were extracted by using a fully automated mobile rack system based on x-y-z robotic techniques using syringes and disposable 96-well extraction plates. The method was validated for the analysis of 30 semi-volatile analytes in drinking water, groundwater, and surface water. For a sample volume of 10 mL, the linear calibrations ranged from 0.01 or 0.05 to 2.5μg·L , and the method detection limits were less than 0.1μg·L . For the reagent water samples fortified at 1.0μg·L and 2.0?μg·L , the obtained mean absolute recoveries were 70%–130% with relative standard deviations of less than 20% for most analytes. For the drinking water, groundwater, and surface water samples fortified at 1.0μg·L , the obtained mean absolute recoveries were 50%–130% with relative standard deviations of less than 20% for most analytes. The new method demonstrated three advantages: 1) no manipulation except the fortification of surrogate standards prior to extraction; 2) significant cost reduction associated with sample collection, shipping, storage, and preparation; and 3) reduced exposure to hazardous solvents and other chemicals. As a result, this new automated method can be used as an effective approach for screening and/or compliance monitoring of selected semi-volatile organic compounds in water.

关键词： automated solid-phase extraction programmed-temperature vaporization large-volume injection gas chromatography/mass spectrometry semi-volatile organic compounds water analysis

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Web-based construction equipment fleet management system: cost-effective global and local allocation

Hakob AVETISYAN, Miroslaw SKIBNIEWSKI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 76-83 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017012

摘要： Over the last two decades, construction contractors have been gradually making more investments in construction equipment to meet their needs associated with increasing volumes of construction projects. At present, from an operational perspective, almost all contractors pay more attention to maintaining their equipment fleets in well-sustained workable conditions and having a high accessibility of the necessary equipment pieces. However, such an approach alone is not enough to maintain an efficient and sustainable business. In particular, for large-scale construction companies that operate in multiple sites in the U.S. or overseas, the problem extends to an optimal allocation of available equipment. Given the current state of the construction industry in the U.S., this problem can be solved by geographically locating equipment pieces and then wisely re-allocating them among projects. Identifying equipment pieces geographically is a relatively easy task. The difficulty arises when informed decision-making is required for equipment allocation among job sites. The actual allocation of equipment should be both economically feasible and technologically preferable. To help in informed decision-making, an optimization model is developed as a mixed integer program. This model is formed based on a previously successfully developed decision-support model for construction equipment selection. The proposed model incorporates logical strategies of supply chain management to optimally select construction equipment for any construction site while taking into account the costs, availability, and transportation-related issues as constraints. The model benefits those responsible for informed decision-making for construction equipment selection and allocation. It also benefits the owners of construction companies, owing to its cost-minimization objective.

关键词： Construction equipment Equipment assignment optimization Web-based asset management

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武器装备完好性评价方法研究

俞翔,杜刚,何其伟

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第5期页码 76-82

摘要：

武器装备完好性评价对于装备的精细化、科学化使用管理和维修保障具有重要意义，而目前的评价方法在时效性、精确性以及任务匹配度等方面都与新形势新要求不相适应。针对这一问题，提出了基于设备技术状态的装备完好性评价方法，通过对某型驱逐舰的完好性模拟评价，验证了该方法的可行性，并提出了进一步完善装备完好性评价方法和机制的对策建议。

关键词：装备完好性；技术状态；装备维修保障；对策建议

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面向高端装备制造业的高端制造装备需求趋势分析

张俊,卢秉恒

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第3期页码 136-141 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.03.019

摘要：

高端制造装备是高端装备制造业快速发展的基础，本文针对航空装备、航天装备、轨道交通装备、海洋工程装备、智能制造装备等高端装备制造业的“十三五”发展趋势，分析了各领域对高端机床和高端基础制造装备提出的新需求和未来的发展重点，并结合我国制造装备行业的现状，提出了几点建议，以促进我国高端装备制造业的良性发展。

关键词：高端装备制造业高端制造装备机床基础制造装备

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Analyzing sustainability of construction equipment in the state of California

Hakob AVETISYAN, Miroslaw SKIBNIEWSKI, Mohammad MOZAFFARPOUR

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 138-145 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017013

摘要： Construction equipment encompasses highly polluting machines adversely affecting the environment. Management tools are necessary for sustainability assessment of construction equipment fleets to allow contractors to reduce their emissions and comply with local or federal regulations. In addition to management tools, there is a need for a metrics that will allow companies to accurately assess the sustainability of their construction equipment fleets. The State of California USA is adopting innovative approaches to reduce adverse impact of humans on the environment. Once successfully implemented, the chances are that such practices attract other states to adopt similar approaches. This paper presents an evaluation of construction equipment fleets and data analysis. When measured and recorded, such results can be used along with decision-support tools for selection and utilization of construction equipment. The metrics for construction equipment evaluation as well as the tool for sustainable decision-making are developed based on readily available data from manufacturers or maintenance shops without a need for additional effort by contractors or government agencies for their adoption. The metrics developed and the decision support tool incorporate logical strategies of supply chain management for optimal selection of construction equipment for construction site while taking into account the availability, cost, and mobilization related constraints. The metrics and the model can benefit both the government agencies responsible for inspection of fleets and owners of construction companies in their decision-making processes related to environmental sustainability.

关键词： Construction equipment greenhouse gas emissions sustainability index sustainable construction

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我国海洋油气装备发展战略研究

程兵,付强 ,李清平 ,刘一斌 ,朱琳 ,吴英

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 13-21 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.002

摘要：

海洋油气装备是开发海洋油气、建设海洋强国的国之重器，近年来中国的海洋油气装备取得了一系列突破，正在实现面向超深水的跨越，但仍然存在一定的不足。本文全面分析和总结了海洋油气勘探装备、钻井装备、施工装备、生产装备的全球发展现状和国内发展水平，分析了我国海洋油气装备领域的发展差距，并提出了各个领域未来的重点发展方向。研究提出了我国海洋油气装备未来的发展目标，并提出了无人化、智能化、标准化发展实现常规海洋装备产业的升级；超前部署3000 米级超深水油气田开发技术和装备体系，制定关键核心装备清单，加快核心装备的突破；加快水下生产装备的国产化应用；加快实现浮式液化天然气设施（FLNG）的突破，打造大国重器；加强海洋装备测试及认证体系建设，助力“首台套”装备的应用；探索海洋油气装备与海上新能源融合发展等战略建议，以期为我国未来的海洋油气装备发展战略提供参考。

关键词：海洋油气；勘探装备；钻井装备；施工装备；生产装备

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Proposing a “lean and green” framework for equipment cost analysis in construction

Ming LU, Nicolas DIAZ, Monjurul HASAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 384-394 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0033-4

摘要： One limitation of previous productivity-driven research on equipment selection and operation simulation lies in the fact that the green aspects of construction activities have been largely neglected in analysis of costefficiency of construction operations. On the other hand, studies attempting to measure greenhouse gas emission due to construction activities have yet to develop a methodology that correlates their findings and implications with construction productivity. In order to address the immediate need for improving the sustainability performance of construction projects, it is imperative for the construction industry to evaluate greenhouse gas emission as a cost factor in construction planning, equipment selection, and cost estimating. In this context, this paper formalizes an integrative framework for equipment cost analysis based on the concepts of lean construction and green construction, aimed to guide the selection of appropriate construction equipment considering exhaust emission and productivity performance at the same time. The framework is elaborated in earthwork construction in order to evaluate the impact of greenhouse gas emission in estimating equipment hourly rates and assessing greenness and sustainability for alternative equipment options.

关键词： green construction lean construction equipment simulation earthwork construction sustainability productivity

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Digital monitoring and health diagnosis for mechanical equipment operation safety based on fiber Bragg

Zude ZHOU, Desheng JIANG, Quan LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第1期页码 5-14 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0011-3

摘要： This paper introduces fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based on a fiber optic grating sensor developed to be embedded on mechanical equipment for digital monitoring and health diagnosis. The theoretical and experimental researches on the new-style FBG sensor (FBGS) technology, high-speed demodulation, and data transmission are discussed. The transmission characteristics between the FBG and the detection interface, modeling and compensation method for online distributed multi-parameter digital monitoring and methods for data processing, synchronous sampling, and long-term dynamic digital monitoring using embedded technology are also presented. The acquired information by an FBGS can be used for the optimization of maintenance schedules and refinement of mechanical equipment design. It is a challenge to gather real-time data from components working at high speed and in a severe environment of high temperature, high pressure, and high rotation speed. Currently, there are no sensors or technologies available for digital monitoring and health diagnosis under this rigorous situation for use in mechanical engineering operation safety. As a result, this paper introduces an online distributed and integrated digital monitoring system and health diagnosis. The new principle and new method will contribute to modern measurements in science and technology, mechanical engineering, and large mechanical equipment operation safety.

关键词： fiber Bragg grating sensor (FBGS) mechanical equipment operation safety embedded technology high-speed demodulation digital monitoring health diagnosis

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Artificial lift equipment repairing techniques in Daqing Oilfield

He LIU, Guochen SHI, Cui WANG, Peijing SHI, Yi XU,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 111-117 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0081-2

摘要： To date, there are more than 60000 wells in Daqing Oilfield including injectors and producers. The annual investment is 1.07 billion RMB in the maintenance of artificial lift equipment, which is a heavy burden for the sustainable development of Daqing Oilfield. After years of study, a series of repairing techniques for artificial lift equipment have been created, which saved 0.5 billion RMB per year, leading to remarkable benefits and efficiency as well.This paper first presents the background of artificial lift equipment repairing technique in Daqing Oilfield. Then, a detailed introduction is given about the development history and current situation of key repairing technology, including the oil tube, rod string, and suck-rod pump. With reference to the study result in automobile and military territory remanufacturing technology, this paper analyzes the situation of artificial lift repairing techniques and evaluates the development direction and tendency of this field for a mature oilfield in the future.

关键词： artificial lift equipment repairing technique remanufacturing technique Daqing Oilfield